Ngā Momo Huānga Whakamahana o te Oumu me te Wāhi e Kitea ai e Koe

He maha ngā kīhini e whakamahi ana i te neke atu i te kotahiwāhanga whakamahana oumuKo ētahi oumu e whakawhirinaki ana ki te rarohuānga wera oumumō te tunu kai, ko ētahi e whakamahi ana i te taupokiwāhanga whakamahana oumumō te tunu ki te oumu, ki te tunu rānei ki te oumu wera. Ka tāpirihia he hau ki ngā oumu konukōre, ā,wāhanga whakamahana mō te oumute whai huatanga. Ka taea e ngā momo whakamahana oumu te eke ki ngā pāmahana rerekē. Hei tauira:

• He maha ngā wā ka inehia e ngā oumu hiko te pāmahana o te 112°C, 110°C, 105°C rānei i ngā wāhi rerekē.
• Tērā pea ka eke te pāmahana o ngā oumu hau ki te 125°C, 115°C, 120°C rānei.
• Ka taea e ngā oumu kawe hiko ā-kaha te penapena i te pūngao tata ki te 10% te nui ake i ngā oumu noa.

Te whiriwhiri i te tikangā wāhanga whakamahana oumuka āwhina i te tangata ki te tunu kai kia ōrite, me te penapena pūngao hoki.

Ngā Whakaaro Matua

• He rerekē ngā wāhanga whakamahana e whakamahia ana e ngā oumu mō ngā mahi motuhake: ko ngā wāhanga o runga mō te tunu kai, ko ngā wāhanga o raro mō te tunu kai, me ngā pā hau me ngā koiri whakamahana mō te tunu kai mā te konukōre.
• Ka tere te wera tika o ngā kai parauri me te pakari mai i ngā huānga tunutunu o runga, he mea tino pai mō te tunu mīti me te whakarewa i te tiihi.
• Ka tukuna e ngā wāhanga o raro te wera pumau, ōrite hoki mai i raro, he mea tino pai mō te tunu taro, keke, me te tunu mīti me te kirinuku koura.
• Ka whakamahia e ngā oumu whakawhiti hau he pā hau me te wae whakamahana hei tohatoha i te hau wera, kia tere ake ai, kia ōrite ai hoki te tunu kai, me te penapena pūngao hoki.
• Mā ngā huānga motuhake pēnei i te halogen, te uku, te infrared, ngā kōhatu piza, me te mamaoa ka tāpirihia he painga tunu kai ahurei pēnei i te tunu tere, te wera tika, ngā kiripaka pakari, me ngā kai makuku.

Huānga Whakamahana Ouma Runga (Parai/Tunu)

He aha te mea, me pēhea te mahi

Kei te tihi rawa o te oumu te wāhanga whakamahana oumu parai, oumu tunutunu rānei o runga. Ka whakamahia he waea whakamahana totoka i roto i tētahi anga maitai kore waikura pakari. Ka wera tēnei waea ina pā te hiko mā roto. Ka pā te hau ki te wāhanga, ka āwhina i a ia ki te wera tere, ka tukuna te wera tika ki runga i te kai. Ko te nuinga o te wā ka mahi tēnei wera tika mā te hihi infrared. Ka mimiti te mata o te kai i tēnei wera, nō reira ka tere te tunu o waho, ka puhoi ake te mahana o roto. Ka āwhina hoki te hoahoa o te wāhanga ki te ārahi i te hau wera huri noa i te oumu, kia noho ōrite te pāmahana. Ka whakamahia e ētahi oumu he hau me te wāhanga parai. Ka nekehia e tēnei hau te hau wera huri noa, ka āwhina i ngā kai matotoru kia tunu ōrite.

Tohutohu: Mā te whakanoho i te kai ki te taha o runga ka tere ake te wera, engari ka kore hoki e taurite te tunu mena kāore e ata tirohia.

Kei hea koe e kite ai i te huānga parai/parai

He maha ngā oumu hiko me ngā oumu hau he wāhanga parai, he wāhanga tunutunu rānei kei te tihi o te kōhao oumu. Kei roto i ngā pukapuka a ngā waitohu pēnei i a Whirlpool tēnei wāhanga e whakaatu ana i runga ake i te wāhi tunu kai matua. Ka tukuna te wera tika ki te tihi o te kai. He tautuhinga parai motuhake kei ētahi oumu e tahuri ana i tēnei wāhanga o runga anake. Mō ngā taipitopito motuhake mō te tauira, he mea pai tonu te tirotiro i te pukapuka a te rangatira.

Ngā Whakamahinga me ngā Painga Pai rawa atu

Ka tiaho te wāhanga tunutunu o runga ina hiahiatia he wera nui. Ka taea te eke ki te 550℉ (289℃), he mea tino pai mō te tunu i ngā tītī, te whakarewa i te tiihi, te whakakoi rānei i ngā kēhi. Anei ētahi o ōna whakamahinga pai rawa atu:

• Te tunu tere i te mīti, he rite ki te tunu kai i waho
• Te parauri i ngā tihi o ngā kēhi, o te lasagna rānei
• Te tunu taro, te whakarewa rānei i te tīhi ki runga i ngā hanawiti

Ka hurihia te huānga e te tautuhinga tunu konukōre, ka whakawetohia hoki, i te mea ka nekehia te hau e te hau, kia māmā ake ai te tunu kai matotoru kia ōrite.wāhanga whakamahana oumuka nui ake te mana whakahaere o ngā kai tunu mō te parauri me te whakaparaoa, ā, he mea tino pai mō te whakaoti rihi.

Wāhanga Whakamahana Ouma o raro (Tunu)

He aha te mea, me pēhea te mahi

Kei te pūtake o te nuinga o ngā oumu te wāhanga whakamahana o raro o te oumu tunu. Ka whakamahia he waea motuhake i hangaia mai i ngā koranu pēnei i te Fe-Cr-Al, Ni-Cr rānei, e taea ai te tu atu ki ngā pāmahana teitei. Kei roto i tētahi anga ārai tēnei waea, e pupuri ana i te wera kia aro ki te wāhi e hiahiatia ana. Ina rere te hiko mā roto i te waea, ka wera ake, ka tīmata te mura. Ka neke te wera ki roto i te oumu mā te kawe hiko, te whakawhiti hiko, me te irahiko. Ka whakamahia e ētahi oumu ngā momo waea rerekē, pēnei i ngā koiri whakairi, kua whakauruhia rānei. Ka āwhina ēnei hoahoa ki te whakahaere i te horapa o te wera. E whakaatu ana ngā tuhinga hangarau mā te whakamahi i ngā koiri whakamahana e rua i raro, ia koiri me te mana tika, ka taea te whakamahana ōrite i te oumu. Ka taea hoki e te whakatakotoranga tika te penapena pūngao me te āwhina i te tunu kai kia pai ake.

Kia mōhio: Ka pā te hoahoa o te wāhanga o raro ki te tere o te wera o te oumu me te ōrite o te tunu. Mā te nui o ngā koiri, te kaha nui rānei, ka tere ake te wera, engari i ētahi wā ka iti ake te ōrite o te pāmahana.

Te Wāhi e Kitea ai e Koe te Huānga Tunu

• He maha ngā oumu hiko GE me ngā ōumu pakitara he wāhanga "Tunu Huna" kei raro i te papa oumu porcelain enamel. Mā tēnei ka kore e kitea te wāhanga, ā, ka māmā ake te horoi.
• Kei ētahi oumu he huānga "True Hidden Tunu", e noho ana i raro i te papa o te kōhao oumu.
• He maha ngā wā ka puritia te wāhanga tunu ki tōna tūranga mā roto i ngā tīwiri, ā, ka taea te whakakapi mā te tango i ngā whata oumu me te papa o te oumu.
• Ngā oumu whirlpoolWhakatakotoria te wāhanga tunu kai ki raro noa iho i te papa o te oumu ki roto i te kōhao. Hei uru atu, tangohia ngā whatanga ka wetewete i te panera o te papa.
• I ētahi oumu, ka taea te uru atu ki te huānga mai i muri mā te kukume i te oumu me te tango i te papa o muri.

Ngā Whakamahinga me ngā Painga Pai rawa atu

Ko te wāhanga tunu o raro te mea tino pai mō te tunu puhoi, pumau. He tino pai mō te tunu taro, keke, pihikete, me te tunu mīti. Ka piki te wera mai i raro, ka āwhina i te paraoa pokepoke kia piki, ā, ka puta he kiri koura ki ngā kai tunu. Ina nui ake te kaha o te wāhanga, ka tere ake te wera, engari kāore pea te pāmahana e ōrite. Ka roa ake te wera o ngā whakatakotoranga kaha iti engari ka puta he pāmahana ōrite. Anei tētahi tirohanga poto ki ngā taupatupatu:

Tewāhanga whakamahana oumu raroKoia te mea tino pai mō te nuinga o ngā mahi tunu kai. Ka hoatu he wera pumau, pono hoki ki ngā tunu kai mō te whānuitanga o ngā tohutao.

Wāhanga Whakamahana Ouma Whakawhiti (Pā)

He aha te mea, me pēhea te mahi

Ka whakamahia e te wāhanga whakamahana oumu konveksi (pā) he koiri whakamahana me te pā. Kei te taha o te pakitara o muri o te oumu te pā. Ina tahuri te oumu, ka wera te koiri. Kātahi ka pupuhi te pā i te hau wera huri noa i te oumu. Mā tēnei hau e neke ana ka tere ake te tunu kai, ka ōrite ake. Kua akohia e ngā miihini te mahi a ēnei oumu. I kitea e rātou ka hangaia e te pā me te koiri te rere o te hau me te wera ōrite. E whakaatu ana ētahi rangahau ka tere te wera o ngā oumu konveksi, ā, ka pai te whakamahi i te pūngao. Ka tere te urupare a te pūnaha koiri pā, engari i ētahi wā ka iti ake te ngawari o te wera i te wera hihi. Heoi anō, ko te whāinga matua ko te pupuri i te pāmahana kia ōrite, me te karo i ngā wāhi makariri.

Tohutohu: Whakamahia te aratau whakawhiti ina tunu pihikete, ina tunu huawhenua rānei. Mā te hau e neke ana ka tunua ngā mea katoa kia rite te tunu i runga i ia whata.

Te Wāhi e Kitea ai e Koe te Huānga Whakawhiti

Ko te nuinga o ngā oumu whakakorikori ka whakanoho i te hau me te wāhanga whakamahana ki te pakitara o muri o te kōhao oumu. Mā tēnei wāhi ka taea e te hau te pana i te hau wera ki runga i ngā whata katoa. Ko ētahi waitohu, pērā i a Whirlpool, ka whakamahi i tētahi hoahoa motuhake me te āhua here-piko hei āwhina i te neke o te hau kia pai ake. Tērā pea he wāhanga whakamahana tāpiri kei runga, kei raro rānei i ētahi atu oumu, engari ko te pūnaha whakakorikori matua kei muri tonu. E whakaatu ana ngā pukapuka a ngā kaihanga oumu he āwhina tēnei tatūnga ki te horoi, ā, ka pai tonu te mahi a te oumu.

Ngā Whakamahinga me ngā Painga Pai rawa atu

Ka tiaho ngā oumu konukōre ina hiahia ngā kai tunu kia ōrite ngā hua. Ka pupuri te hau wera i te rere o te hau mā te hau, kia kore ai e mātao te kai, e tunua rānei. Anei ētahi painga nui:

• He tere ake te tunu kai i ngā oumu noa
• Te parauri tae noa ki ngā kai tunu me ngā mīti
• He iti ake te whakamahinga o te pūngao nā te mea ka tere ake te tunu o te kai
• Kāore he take ki te huri i ngā paraharaha, ki te whakawhiti whata rānei

He tokomaha ngā kaiwhakamahi e kī ana he pai ake te tunu o ngā oumu konukōre i ngā tauira tawhito. He maha ngā arotake e kī ana he tere te whakamahana, he ngāwari te horoi, ā, he tino pai ngā hua mō te pīta, te rara matua, me ētahi atu. E whakaatu ana te ripanga i raro nei i ngā whakaaro o ngā kaiwhakamahi tūturu:

Mā te huānga whakamahana oumu whakawhiti ka āwhina i ngā tunu kai kia whiwhi ai i ngā pihikete pakari, ngā keke parāoa, me ngā tunu reka i ngā wā katoa.

Ngā Wāhanga Whakamahana Oumu Motuhake

Ngā Huānga Whakamahana Halogen

Ka whakamahia e ngā wāhanga whakamahana halogen he ngongo quartz kua whakakiia ki te hau halogen. I roto i te ngongo, ka wera te miro tungsten ka tukuna he wera infrared kaha. Ka taea e ēnei huānga te eke ki ngā pāmahana teitei i te tere rawa. Ka whakamahia e ētahi oumu ngā ngongo quartz kua pania ki te koura, ki te rupi rānei. Ka whakaitihia e ngā rama kua pania ki te koura te mārama e kitea ana, ā, ka arotahi ki te whakamahana, ko ngā mea kua pania ki te rupi he iti ake te utu engari ka nui ake te kanapa. Ko ngā rama mārama e whakamahia ana i te nuinga o te wā i roto i ngā wheketere, ehara i te kīhini. He pai te mahi a ngā huānga halogen mō te tunu tere me te parauri. Ka āwhina i ngā kai pēnei i te piza, i te tōhi rānei kia pakari te waho, me te kore e maroke te roto.

Tohutohu: He maha ngā wā ka tunu kai ngā oumu halogen tae atu ki te 40% te tere atu i ngā oumu tuku iho. He tino pai ēnei mō ngā whānau pukumahi e hiahia ana ki te kai tere.

Ngā Wāhanga Whakamahana Hau

Ka tahuna e ngā wae whakamahana hau te hau māori, te propane rānei hei hanga wera. Ka whakamahana te mura i te hau o te oumu, ka tunua hoki te kai. He maha ngā tunu kai kāinga e pai ana ki ngā oumu hau nā te mea ka tere te wera, ā, ka taea te whakahaere pai i te pāmahana. Heoi, e whakaatu ana ngā rangahau ka taea e ngā oumu hau te moumou pūngao mena kāore e tiakina. Mā te whakatika i ngā turuturu me te whakapai ake i te whakamarumaru ka taea te penapena moni me te āwhina i te taiao. Ka whakamahia e ētahi oumu hou ngā whakakorikori motuhake hei tahu pai ake i te hau me te whakaiti i ngā tukunga. Mā ēnei whakapainga ka pai ake ngā oumu hau mō te tunu kai me te penapena pūngao.

• Ka tere te wera o ngā oumu hau.
• Kāore pea e tino whai hua ana mēnā kāore e tirohia i ngā wā katoa.
• He pai ake te hangarau e whakamahia ana e ngā tauira hou mō te tunu kai māhorahora.

Ngā Huānga Whakamahana Uku

Ka whakamahia e ngā huānga whakamahana uku ngā rauemi pēnei i te silicon carbide, te molybdenum disilicide rānei. Ka taea e ēnei huānga te eke ki ngā pāmahana tino teitei, i ētahi wā neke atu i te 1200°C. He maha ngā oumu taiwhanga me ētahi oumu kīhini motuhake e whakamahi ana i ngā huānga uku mō te wera ōrite, pumau. He maha ngā wā he mana whakahaere matihiko me ngā āhuatanga haumaru pēnei i ngā raka tatau o ngā oumu uku. Ka āwhina te rauemi uku ki te pupuri i te wera i roto, kia ōrite ai te tunu kai. Ka whakamahia e ētahi oumu he whakamarumaru uku hei penapena hiko me te pupuri i te hauhautanga o waho.

Mā te huānga whakamahana oumu uku ka tika te whakahaere me ngā hua pono ki ngā tunu kai, inā koa mō te tunu me te tunu.

Ngā Wāhanga Whakamahana Whero/Kuata

He rerekē te momo wera e kawea mai ana e ngā huānga whakamahana infrared me te quartz ki te kīhini. Ka whakamahia e ēnei huānga te hihi infrared hei whakamahana i te kai. Ka puta te wera mai i ngā ngongo quartz, ngā koiri, ngā pūangi, ngā pereti, ngā tokotoko rānei. He painga motuhake tō ia momo. Kei te ripanga i raro nei te mahi a ia momo:

Ka mahi te whakamahana infrared mā te whakaoho i ngā ngota wai i roto i te kai kia wiri. Ka whakamahana tēnei i te mata, ā, ka hohonu ake i ētahi wā, i runga i te kai. E pai ana ki te tangata ēnei huānga nā te mea ka tere te wera me te penapena pūngao. Ka āwhina hoki rātou ki te pupuri i ngā huaora me ngā kakara i roto i te kai. E ai ki te FDA he haumaru te infrared mō te tunu kai. Kāore ēnei huānga e tino wera i te hau, nō reira ka noho mātao te kīhini. Heoi, me tūpato ngā kaiwhakamahi. Ka taea e te wera nui te wera te wera mena ka pāngia.

Kia mōhio: He iti ake te wai me te pūngao e whakamahia ana e ngā oumu infrared, he mea mohio tēnei mō ngā kīhini e pai ana ki te taiao.

Ngā Huānga Pōhatu Pita/Tunu

Mā ngā huānga pīta me te kōhatu tunu kai ka āwhina i ngā kai tunu kāinga kia whiwhi i te kirinuku pakari, āhua wharekai. Ko te nuinga o ngā kōhatu he cordierite, he rauemi e kaha ana ki te tu atu i te wera nui rawa. Ka mimiti ngā kōhatu i te makuku mai i te paraoa pokepoke, ā, ka horahia te wera kia ōrite. Mā tēnei ka pakari, ka koura hoki te raro o te pīta, o te taro rānei. E whakaatu ana te tūtohi i raro nei i te nui o te wera ka taea e ngā kōhatu pīta rerekē te tango:

He tirohanga poto ki ngā kohatu rongonui:

E ai ki te nuinga o ngā kaiwhakamahi he mea nui te whakamahana i te kōhatu. E kī ana hoki rātou me āta horoi - kāore he hopi, he waru noa iho. Ka pai te whakamahi i ngā kōhatu pīta i roto i ngā oumu me ngā parai. Ka āwhina i te tangata ki te tunu kai pērā i te tohunga i te kāinga.

Ngā Wāhanga Whakamahana Kohu

Ka tāpirihia e ngā wae whakamahana mamaoa te makuku ki te oumu. Mā tēnei ka piki ake te taro, ka pupuri hoki i te wai māori o te mīti. Ka whakamahia e ngā oumu mamaoa hou te hangarau motuhake e kiia nei ko te Steam Infusion. Ka tere te tuku mamaoa ki roto i te oumu mā tēnei tikanga, kia tere ake ai te tunu kai, kia nui ake ai te reka. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau ka āwhina ngā oumu mamaoa ki te penapena pūngao me te whakaiti i ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhi. Ka āwhina hoki i te kai kia mau tonu tōna kakara me tōna reka mā te whakaiti i te wā e noho ana i runga i ngā mata wera.

Kei ngā oumu mamaoa ngā āhuatanga atamai inaianei. Ka taea e ētahi te whakahaere i ēnei oumu mā te waea, te whakamahi rānei i ngā momo tunu kai kua whakaritea. He pai te mahi a ēnei oumu mā te hunga e hiahia ana ki ngā kai hauora me te tunu kai ngāwari. Ka āwhina hoki ngā wae whakamahana mamaoa ki te whakaiti i te para kai mā te pupuri i te kai kia hou, kia reka hoki. He maha ngā toa tunu kai iti me ngā tunu kai kāinga e whakamahi ana i ngā oumu mamaoa kia pai ake ai ngā hua me te iti o te kaha.

Tohutohu: He tino pai ngā oumu mamaoa mō te tunu taro, te tunu mīti, me te whakamahana anō i ngā toenga kai me te kore e maroke.

He Aratohu Whakataurite mō te Wāhanga Whakamahana o te Oumu

Ripanga Tohutoro Tere o ngā Momo, ngā Wāhi, me ngā Whakamahinga

Te whiriwhiri i te tikawāhanga whakamahana oumuka nui te rerekētanga o te tunu kai. He wāhi motuhake tō ia momo i roto i te oumu, ā, he pai rawa atu mō ētahi mahi. Kei te ripanga i raro nei he tirohanga poto ki ngā momo tino noa, ki hea koe e kitea ai, me ā rātou mahi tino pai.

Tohutohu: Mō te pīta parai, whakamahia he kōhatu tunu. Mō ngā pihikete ōrite, ngana ki te tautuhinga whakawhiti wera. He mahi pai tā ia wāhanga whakamahana oumu!

Mā tēnei ripanga ka taea e te tangata te whakataurite tere i ngā momo matua. Ko ētahi o ngā huānga, pērā i te parai i runga i te oumu, i te oumu tunu rānei, ka pai te mahi mō te parauri me te whakakoi. Ko ētahi atu, pērā i te whakamahana konukōre, ka whakarite kia tunua ōrite te kai i runga i ia whata. Ko ngā huānga motuhake, pērā i te mamaoa, te uku rānei, ka tukuna he āhuatanga tāpiri mō te hunga e pai ana ki te tunu kai, e hiahia ana rānei ki ngā kai hauora.

I te wā e whiriwhiri ana i tētahi oumu, e whakamahi ana rānei i tētahi tautuhinga hou, tirohia tēnei aratohu kia ōrite ai te huānga ki te mahi tunu kai. Mā te whiriwhiri tika ka reka ake ngā kai, ka māmā ake hoki te tunu.

He rerekē ngā momo whakamahana e whakamahia ana e ngā oumu mō ngā mahi rerekē. Mā te mea tunu kai o runga ka parauri, ka parai hoki te kai. Mā te mea tunu o raro ka homai he wera pumau mō te tunu. Ka āwhina ngā pā hau werawera ki te tunu kai kia ōrite. Mā ngā mea motuhake, pērā i te mamaoa, i ngā kōhatu pīta rānei, ka tāpirihia he āhuatanga anō. Me whakaaro te tangata ki tā rātou e tunu nui ana. Mā te whiriwhiri i te mea whakamahana oumu tika ka māmā ake, ka reka ake hoki ngā kai.

Tohutohu: Whakamātauria ia tautuhinga kia kitea ai ko tēhea te mea tino pai mō āu tohutao tino pai!

Ngā Pātai Auau

He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i te mea tunu ki te oumu (broil) me te mea tunu (bake element)?

Kei te tihi o te oumu te wāhanga tunu kai, ā, ka homai he wera tika, he wera nui mō te parauri, te whakapara rānei. Kei raro te wāhanga tunu kai, ā, ka homai he wera pumau, he wera ōrite mō te tunu, te tunu rānei.

Ka taea e tetahi te whakakapi i te wae whakamahana oumu i te kāinga?

Ae, ka taea e te nuinga o te tangata te whakakapi i te wae whakamahana ki ngā taputapu taketake. Momotuhia te oumu i te tuatahi. Tirohia te pukapuka ā-ringa mō te wāhanga tika, ā, whai i ngā kaupae. Ki te kore koe i te tino mōhio, waea atu ki tētahi tohunga.

He aha i tere ake ai te tunu o te kai i roto i te oumu konukōrei?

Ka whakamahia e te oumu whakakorikori he hau hei neke i te hau wera huri noa i te kai. Mā tēnei hau ka tere te tae atu o te wera ki ngā taha katoa. Nō reira, ka tere ake te tunu kai, ā, ka ōrite ake i te oumu noa.

Me pēhea te mōhio o tetahi kua pakaru te wāhanga whakamahana o te oumu?

Ki te kore te oumu e wera, e kore rānei e tunua ōrite, tera pea kua pakaru te huānga. Tirohia mēnā he pakaru e kitea ana, pērā i ngā kapiti, i ngā tohu wera rānei. Ko tētahi atu tohu ko te makariri o te huānga i te wā e whakamahia ana.

Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā kōhatu piza i roto i ngā oumu katoa?

Ka uru te nuinga o ngā kōhatu pīta ki roto i ngā oumu paerewa. Ka pai ake te mahi ina whakamahanatia. Tirohia te rahi o te oumu i mua i te hoko kōhatu. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i ētahi kōhatu ki runga i ngā oumu tunu kai kia tino pakari ake ai ngā hua.