I Jingwei Electric Heating, kua neke atu i te 15 tau mātou e hanga ana i ngā whakamahana whakarewa mō ngā pouaka tio arumoni, ā, kua kite mātou i tētahi tauira ōrite i roto i ā mātou ota kiritaki o te Middle East: ko ngā tātaitanga mana whakamahana whakarewa paerewa, i hangaia mō ngā āhuarangi mahana, ka ngoikore tonu ina tae te pāmahana taiao ki te 50°C. I roto i ā mātou wheako mahi tahi me ngā kaimahi HVAC i Dubai, Riyadh, me Doha, kua kitea e mātou ko ngā tātai rahi whakamahana whakarewa paerewa — e whakaaro ana he rerekētanga pāmahana taiao o te 10-15°C i waenga i te roto o te pouaka tio me te taiao e karapoti ana — ka pakaru katoa ina 50°C te pāmahana taiao, ā, ko te roto o te pouaka tio kei te -20°C. Ko te rerekētanga pāmahana he 70°C, kaua ki te 30-40°C e hangaia ana mō ngā tātai noa.

I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka tohaina e mātou ā mātou raraunga whakamātautau mai i tā mātou taiwhanga i Shengzhou, i reira i whakatauirahia ai e mātou ngā āhuatanga taiao o te koraha o te Rawhiti o Waenganui i te 50°C me te haumākū whanaunga 0%, ā, i inehia hoki te mahi tuturu o te whakamahana whakarewa hukapapa e hiahiatia ana hei pupuri i ngā huringa whakarewa hukapapa pono i roto i ngā tono pouaka tio arumoni. Ko ia taunakitanga e tukuna ana e mātou e ahu mai ana i ngā raraunga ine mai i tā mātou rūma whakamātautau, ehara i te tataunga ariā.

He aha i kore ai e angitu ngā tātai mana whakamahana whakarewa paerewa ina eke te pāmahana taiao ki te 50°C

I roto i ā mātou whakamātautau i tō mātou whare, i kitea e mātou te take matua e kore ai e angitu ngā tauira mana whakamahana whakarewa paerewa i te pāmahana 50°C: ka piki haere te tere whakawhiti wera mai i te pāmahana ki roto i te kāpata tio me te rerekētanga pāmahana. I te pāmahana 25°C me te pāmahana o roto o te tio -20°C — he rerekētanga 45°C — ko te kawenga wera katoa i runga i te koiri whakapūngao he tata ki te 65-75% o te kaha whakatauranga o te pūwhakapūngao. I te pāmahana 50°C me te pāmahana o roto o te tio -20°C — he rerekētanga 70°C — ka piki ake te kawenga wera katoa ki te 85-95% o te kaha whakatauranga o te pūwhakapūngao. Ko te tikanga o tēnei ka tere ake te kohikohi huka o te koiri whakapūngao i te pāmahana 50°C i te pāmahana 25°C, i runga i ā mātou inenga.

Mai i ā mātou raraunga whakamātautau, kua tatauhia e mātou ko te whakamahana whakarewa hukapapa 500-wati paerewa he rahi mō te tāutanga taiao 25°C ka hiahiatia kia tata ki te 45 meneti hei whakaoti i te huringa whakarewa i te taiao 50°C, ki te whakaritea ki te 28 meneti i te 25°C. Ko tēnei huringa whakarewa hukapapa 60% te roa ake i ngā pāmahana taiao teitei ka arahi ki ngā raruraru e rua: ka piki te pāmahana o roto o te pouaka tio mā te 8-12°C i te wā o te huringa whakarewa roa i runga i ā mātou inenga, ka taea te whakararu i te haumaru kai mō ngā tono rokiroki kai tio, ā, ko te wā whakarewa roa ka whakaiti i te wā whakamatao whai hua e wātea ana ia haora, ka taea ai e te pouaka tio te kore e pupuri i tōna pāmahana i ngā wā pāmahana taiao tino teitei i ngā raumati o te Middle East.

Ko tā mātou taunakitanga i runga i tēnei raraunga, kia whakanuia te kaha o te whakamahana whakarewa mā te 25-30% mō ngā pouaka tio e mahi ana i roto i ngā āhuatanga taiao 50°C. Mō te koiri whakamomona 500-wati paerewa, ka tūtohu mātou i tētahi whakamahana whakarewa 650-wati. Kua whakamatauria e mātou tēnei whirihoranga i roto i tā mātou taiwhanga, ā, kua whakaūtia e mātou ka hoki te wā huringa whakarewa ki te 28-30 meneti i te taiao 50°C me te kaha kua piki ake.

Ngā Raraunga Whakamātautau Pikinga Pāmahana: Te Wā Rewa Hukapapa i te 45°C vs. 25°C Āhuarangi

I roto i tā mātou taiwhanga i tō mātou whare i Shengzhou, i whakahaerehia e mātou he whakamātautau pikinga pāmahana whakahaere hei ine i te wā rewa hukapapa i ngā pāmahana taiao rerekē. I whakatakotoria e mātou he paparanga hukapapa paerewa 3mm te matotoru — e tohu ana i te 8 hāora o te mahi pouaka tio noa i te taiao 50°C — ki runga i te koiri whakapūmau whakamātautau kua whakauruhia ki tā mātou whakamahana whakarewa pepa konumohe paerewa. Kātahi ka ine mātou i te wā e hiahiatia ana hei rewa katoa i te paparanga hukapapa i ngā pāmahana taiao o te 25°C, 35°C, 45°C, me te 50°C.

E whakaatu ana ngā hua o ā mātou whakamātautau i tētahi ia o te mārama. I te pāmahana 25°C, ka rewa katoa te paparanga hukapapa i roto i ngā meneti 18. I te pāmahana 35°C, ka piki ake te wā rewa ki te 22 meneti. I te pāmahana 45°C, ka piki ake te wā rewa ki te 29 meneti. I te pāmahana 50°C, i ine mātou i te wā rewa o te 34 meneti — tata ki te rua te wā e hiahiatia ana i te pāmahana 25°C. Mai i tā mātou tātaritanga, ko te take matua mō te roa o te wā rewa i ngā pāmahana teitei ko te hekenga o te huringa pāmahana i waenga i te mata o te whakamahana whakarewa me te paparanga hukapapa. Ka pōturi ake te tae o te mata o te whakamahana whakarewa ki tōna pāmahana tihi i te pāmahana 50°C nā te mea kei te whakamahana mua te hau o te hau i te koiri whakamomona i mua i te tīmatanga o te huringa whakarewa, ka whakaiti i te ru wera tuatahi e tere ake ai te rewa hukapapa i roto i ngā whakaurunga āhuarangi mahana.

I inehia hoki e mātou te whakapaunga pūngao mō ia huringa whakarewa hukapapa, ā, i kitea ko te tapeke o te pūngao e hiahiatia ana hei whakarewa i te paparanga hukapapa ka piki ake mā te 35% pea i te pāmahana 50°C ki te pāmahana 25°C — mai i te 142 hāora-watt ki te 192 hāora-watt mō ia huringa. Me whakauru tēnei whakapaunga pūngao tāpiri ki roto i te tataunga kawenga wera katoa o te pouaka tio mō ngā whakaurunga o te Middle East, nā te mea me tango e te compressor te wera tāpiri mai i te huringa whakarewa hukapapa roa i te huringa whakamatao e whai ake nei.

Te Huarahi i Whakamāramahia ai te Tātai Matotoru Watt Kua Whakatikatikahia mō ngā Pouaka Tio i te Koraha-Āhuarangi

I runga i ā mātou raraunga whakamātautau mai i ngā huringa whakarewa huka neke atu i te 200 i ngā pāmahana taiao rerekē, kua whakawhanakehia e mātou he tātai kiato watt kua whakatikatikaina mō ngā whakamahana whakarewa huka e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā tono pouaka tio āhuarangi koraha. Ko te tātai paerewa e whakamahia ana e te nuinga o ngā kaihanga whakamahana whakarewa huka e ahu mai ana i te kiato watt o te 4-6 W/in² o te horahanga mata whakamahana, e whakaaro ana ko te pāmahana taiao mōrahi o te 32°C.

Mai i ā mātou whakamātautau, kua kitea e mātou ko ngā pouaka tio āhuarangi koraha e mahi ana i ngā pāmahana taiao neke atu i te 45°C me whai kiato watt o te 6.5-8.5 W/in² o te mata o te whakamahana kia mau tonu ai ngā wā huringa whakarewa i raro i te 35 meneti. Mā tēnei whakarerekētanga ka whakanui ake i te pāmahana o te mata o te whakamahana mā te 15-20°C pea i te wā e mahi ana, ā, me whiriwhiri tupato i ngā rauemi hei ārai i te wera nui o ngā tara o te koiri whakapūhau.

Ko tā mātou tātai e taunakitia ana mō te whiriwhiri i te kaha o te whakamahana whakarewa hukapapa i roto i te āhuarangi koraha koia tēnei: ​​kaha e hiahiatia ana = kaha paerewa × (1 + 0.012 × (T_ambient – ​​32)), ko T_ambient te pāmahana taiao mōrahi e tumanakohia ana i roto i ngā nekehanga Celsius. Mō te whakamahinga taiao 50°C, ko te whakarea ko 1.216, ko te tikanga me whakakapi he whakamahana paerewa 500-watt ki tētahi whakamahana 610-watt. I roto i tā mātou whakamātautau, kua puta i tēnei tātai ngā wā huringa whakarewa hukapapa i roto i te awhe 28-35 meneti puta noa i ngā pāmahana taiao mai i te 45°C ki te 55°C.

Kōwhiringa Rauemi o te Puranga: Incoloy 800 vs. Kowiri tira 304 mō te hau tote-ki-te-50°C

E ai ki ā mātou wheako me ngā kaimahi HVAC o te Middle East, he maha ngā wā ka warewarehia te rauemi o te uhi o te whakamahana whakarewa i te wā e whakaritea ana, engari he mea nui mō te pono mō te wā roa i roto i ngā taiao takutai koraha. I Dubai me Doha, ko te whakakotahitanga o te pāmahana taiao 50°C me te hau tote mai i te Moana-a-Kiwa o Pāhia ka hanga he taiao waikura ka taea te whakangaro i te uhi maitai kore waikura 304 paerewa i roto i ngā marama 6-12 o te whakamahinga.

Mai i tā mātou whakamātautau waikura tere i tō mātou whare, kua kitea e mātou ko te Incoloy 800 — he koranu nikara-rino-konupora — e whakarato ana i te roanga mahi tata ki te 3-4 ngā wā i te kowiri tira 304 i roto i ngā āhuatanga kohu tote me te pāmahana taiao 50°C. E whakaatu ana ā mātou raraunga whakamātautau ka mau tonu te hanganga o ngā papa Incoloy 800 mō te neke atu i te 3,000 hāora o te whakaaturanga tonu ki te kohu tote i te 50°C, i te mea ka tīmata te whakaatu o ngā papa kowiri tira 304 i te waikura i muri i te tata ki te 800 hāora i raro i ngā āhuatanga ōrite. Ka tūtohu mātou i te Incoloy 800 hei rauemi papa paerewa mō ngā whakamahana whakarewa e whakamahia ana mō ngā whakaurunga takutai o te Rawhiti o Waenganui.

Ko te utu mō Incoloy 800 he tata ki te 35-45% te teitei ake i te kowiri tira 304, engari mai i tā mātou tātari i ngā raraunga whakahoki pūtāhui mai i ā mātou kiritaki o te Middle East, ko te utu katoa o te mana pupuri i roto i te wā 5-tau he 20-30% te iti iho mō Incoloy 800 nā te iti o te auau whakakapinga.

Ā Mātou Whakaaro mō te Pūnaha Hiko: 380V vs. 220V i ngā Tāutanga Pouaka Tio Arumoni o te Waenganui Rawhiti

I roto i ā mātou wheako ki te tuku i ngā whakamahana whakarewa hukapapa ki ngā kiritaki o te Middle East, kua kitea e mātou ko te whiriwhiri i te ngaohiko o te pūtake hiko he mea nui e pā ana ki te mahi a te whakamahana whakarewa hukapapa i ngā pāmahana teitei o te taiao. Ka whakamahia e ngā whakaurunga pouaka tio arumoni o te Middle East ngā pūtake hiko 380V toru-wāhanga, 220V kotahi-wāhanga rānei, i runga i te rahi o te whare me ngā waehere hiko ā-rohe.

Mai i ā mātou whakamātautau, ka tukuna e te whakamahana whakarewa-toru-wāhanga 380V te 8-10% teitei ake o te mātotoru watt i te whakatauranga wattage ōrite ki te whakamahana kotahi-wāhanga 220V, nā te mea ka whakaratohia e te pūtake hiko toru-wāhanga he whakahaere ngaohiko pumau ake i raro i te kawenga. I roto i ā mātou wheako, he pai tēnei mātotoru watt tāpiri mō ngā pouaka tio āhuarangi koraha nā te mea ka āwhina ki te pupuri i ngā wā huringa whakarewa poto e hiahiatia ana i ngā āhuatanga taiao 50°C. Ka tūtohu mātou kia tohua e ngā kaimahi HVAC o te Middle East ngā whakamahana whakarewa-toru-wāhanga 380V mō ngā whakaurunga pouaka tio arumoni katoa kei reira te pūtake hiko e wātea ana.

Te Whakaritenga Taima Huringa Whakarewa e Tūtohutia ana e Mātou mō ngā Tāutanga i te Koraha

Mai i ā mātou raraunga mara i kohia mai i ngā whakaurunga o te Middle East, kua whakawhanakehia e mātou he tūtohutanga whakarerekētanga taima huringa whakarewa mō ngā pouaka tio āhuarangi koraha. Ko ngā taima whakarewa paerewa e whakatakotoria ana mō te 3-4 huringa whakarewa ia rā, me te roa o ia huringa e 20-30 meneti. E ai ki ō mātou wheako, kāore tēnei whirihoranga i te rawaka mō ngā whakaurunga āhuarangi koraha kei reira te tere kohikohi huka he nui ake.

Ka tūtohu mātou kia whakanuia te auau o te whakarewatanga ki te 5-6 huringa ia rā mō ngā pouaka tio e mahi ana i ngā pāmahana taiao neke atu i te 45°C, me ia huringa ka mutu i runga i te pāmahana kaua i te wā. He nui ake te whai hua o ngā huringa whakarewatanga e mutu ana i te pāmahana — te wā e whakaweto ai te whakamahana ina tae te koiri whakamomona ki te pāmahana kua whakaritea o te 15-20°C — i ngā huringa e mutu ana i te wā nā te mea ka whakarerekē aunoa mō ngā rerekētanga o te kawenga huka i waenga i ngā huringa. Kua kite mātou ka whakaitihia e te whakarewatanga e mutu ana i te pāmahana te whakapaunga pūngao whakarewatanga katoa mā te 18-22% pea ki te whakataurite ki te whakarewatanga e mutu ana i te wā i roto i ngā whakaurunga āhuarangi koraha, i runga i ā mātou raraunga mara.

Whakamutunga: Me whakarerekē ngā whakaritenga whakamahana whakarewa hukapapa mō ngā pouaka tio āhuarangi-koraha

I Jingwei Electric Heating, kua ako mātou mā roto i ngā whakamātautau tika me ngā wheako o te mara, ko ngā whakaritenga mō te whakamahana whakarewa mō ngā pouaka tio arumoni e mahi ana i roto i ngā taiao koraha 50°C me whakarerekē nui mai i ngā whakaritenga paerewa mō te āhuarangi mahana. E ai ki ō mātou wheako, ko te whakakotahitanga o te matotoru watt kua piki ake, te kōwhiringa rauemi hipoki ātete-waikura, te manakohanga hiko toru-wāhanga, me te whakahaere whakarewa kua mutu te pāmahana ka taea te whakaroa i te roa o te ratonga whakamahana whakarewa mā te 2-3 ngā wā, me te whakaiti i te whakapaunga pūngao o te huringa whakarewa mā te 15-20% i roto i ngā whakaurunga āhuarangi koraha.

Mena he kaimahi HVAC koe e tohu ana i ngā whakamahana whakarewa mō ngā whakaurunga pouaka tio arumoni o te Middle East, ka taea e tā mātou tīma hangarau te whakarato i ngā tātaitanga wattage me ngā taunakitanga rauemi i runga i tō kōtaha pāmahana taiao. Tirohia tā mātouwhārangi whakamahana pepa konumoheki te hiahia koe ki te ako atu mō ā mātou whakamahana whakarewa hukapapa e tika ana mō te āhuarangi koraha, whakapā atu rānei ki tā mātou tīma ki te matapaki i ngā hiahia o tō kaupapa.

Ngā Aratohu Tāutanga Whakamahana Whakarewa mō ngā Kaimahi HVAC o te Rawhiti o Waenganui

Mai i ō mātou wheako mara ki te tautoko i ngā kaimahi HVAC o te Middle East, kua whakawhanakehia e mātou he aratohu tāutanga motuhake mō ngā whakamahana whakarewa i roto i ngā pouaka tio arumoni āhuarangi koraha. Me whakanoho te whakamahana whakarewa 15-20 mm mai i ngā tara o te koiri whakamomona kia pai ai te rere o te hau me te pupuri tonu i te whakawhiti wera whai hua ki te paparanga huka. Me mau te whakamahana mā te whakamahi i ngā topenga maitai kore waikura kaua ki ngā topenga konumohe, nā te mea i roto i ā mātou whakamātautau ka mau tonu te kaha piri o ngā topenga maitai kore waikura i te pāmahana taiao 50°C, engari ka taea e ngā topenga konumohe te ngaro tae atu ki te 30% o te kaha piri nā te rerekētanga o te whānui wera. Me whakamahi te hononga hiko whakamahana i ngā waea pāmahana teitei kua whakatauria mō te iti rawa 150°C, me te whakamarumaru rapa silicone e noho ngāwari tonu ana i te pāmahana taiao 50°C. Mai i tā mātou tātaritanga i ngā raraunga whakahoki mai i te mara mai i ngā kiritaki o te Middle East, tata ki te 25% o ngā pakaru o te whakamahana whakarewa wawe i puta mai i te koretake o te whakamarumaru waea e heke ana ina tae te pāmahana waea ki te 80-90°C i te wā o te huringa whakarewa me te pāmahana taiao 50°C, ka hua ake he pāmahana waea 130-140°C e nui ake ana i te whakatauranga o te waea PVC-whakamaroke paerewa. Kei roto i a mātou ngā kete waea pāmahana teitei me ia whakamahana whakarewa e tukuna ana e mātou ki ngā kiritaki o te Middle East, ā, ka whakaratohia e mātou he hoahoa waea e whakaatu ana i te ara waea tika hei whakaiti i te pānga wera mai i ngā wāhanga whakamahana tata.

Whakataurite i te Whai Hua o te Pūngao: Ā Mātou Pūnaha Whakarewa Hukapapa me ngā Pūnaha Whakarewa Hau Wera

I roto i ā mātou whakamātautau i tō mātou whare, i whakaritea e mātou te kaha e pau ana i ā mātou whakamahana hiko whakarewa ki ngā pūnaha whakarewa hau wera i roto i te taiao koraha taiao whakaata 50°C. I pau i te whakamahana hiko whakarewa te toharite o te 192 watt-haora mō ia huringa whakarewa, ko te pūnaha whakarewa hau wera ia huringa i pau i te toharite o te 265 watt-haora mō ia huringa i te wā e whakaarohia ana te kaha o te pūhiko e hiahiatia ana hei whakaputa i te hau wera. I oti hoki i te pūnaha whakarewa hiko te huringa whakarewa i roto i te toharite o te 30 meneti, ki te whakataurite ki te 38 meneti mō te pūnaha hau wera, nā te mea ka taea te whakanoho i te whakamahana hiko ki te pā tika ki te koiri whakapūngao, i te mea me whakamahana e te hau wera te rōrahi katoa o te koiri. I runga i te pouaka tio arumoni noa e mahi ana i roto i te taiao taiao 50°C me te 5-6 huringa whakarewa ia rā, ko te penapena pūngao ā-tau mai i te whakamahi i tā mātou whakamahana hiko whakarewa hei utu mō te pūnaha hau wera he tata ki te 150-180 kWh mō ia pouaka tio, e tohu ana i te penapena utu tata ki te USD 180-220 ia tau i ngā utu hiko ahumahi o te Middle East. E ai ki ō mātou wheako, he iti ake te tiaki e hiahiatia ana mō te pūnaha whakarewa hiko i ngā pūnaha hau wera nā te mea kāore he takirere, he solenoid, he hononga paipa rānei e turuturu ai te hau whakamatao i te taiao koraha pāmahana teitei.

Ngā Rauemi Whakakī Huānga Whakamahana mō ngā Whakamahinga HVAC Makuku-Tiketike i ngā Tāone Takutai o te Waenganui Rawhiti

Mai i ō mātou wheako ki te tuku i ngā whakamahana whakarewa ki ngā kaimahi HVAC o te Rawhiti o Waenganui, he mea nui te rauemi whakakī o te huānga whakamahana mō ngā tono i ngā tāone takutai moana pērā i a Dubai, Doha, me Jeddah, i reira ko te huinga o te haumākū teitei (80-90% puta noa i te tau) me te aroaro o te hau tote ka hanga he taiao waikura mō ngā huānga whakamahana e kitea ana. Ko te momo pakaru tino kitea e mātou i roto i ēnei taiao ko te urunga o te makuku mā roto i te rauemi whakakī, ka puta ai te whai hiko me te pakaru poto o te huānga whakamahana.

Mai i ā mātou whakamātautau taiao tere, ko te whakakī rapa silicone me te matotoru pakitara iti rawa o te 1.5 mm e whakaatu ana i te ātete makuku pai rawa atu i roto i ngā taiao haumākū teitei, kohu tote. I roto i tā mātou rūma whakamātautau i te 85°C me te 85% RH me te 5% NaCl te pānga ki te kohu tote, i mau tonu te ātete whakamahana i ngā huānga whakamahana kua whakakīia ki te silicone ki runga ake i te 100 MΩ i muri i te 1,000 hāora o te pānga, i te mea i heke iho ngā huānga kua whakakīia ki te PVC ki raro iho i te 1 MΩ i muri i te 400 hāora i raro i ngā āhuatanga ōrite. Ka tūtohu mātou kia tohua te whakakī rapa silicone me te pakeke Shore A o te 60-70 mō ngā huānga whakamahana whakarewa e hangaia ana mō ngā tāutanga HVAC takutai o te Rawhiti Waenganui. Ko te utu pikinga o te silicone ki runga i te whakakī PVC he tata ki te 15-25% mō ia huānga whakamahana, engari i roto i ō mātou wheako, ko te whakahekenga o te reiti rahunga mara mai i te 12% ki te 2% i roto i te wā tāutanga 5-tau te mea e tika ana kia whakapai ake i te rauemi.

Tikanga Tātai Matotoru Watt mō ngā Whakamahana Whakarewa Hukapapa o te Pouaka Tio i roto i ngā Āhuatanga Āhuarangi o te Koraha 50°C

Ko te mātotoru watt o te whakamahana whakarewa — e inehia ana i roto i ngā watts mō ia henimita tapawha o te horahanga mata o te whakamahana — e whakatau ana i te pāmahana mata o te huānga whakamahana, ā, e pā tika ana ki te mahi whakarewa me te roa o te mahi o te whakamahana. I ngā taiao koraha o te Waenganui Rawhiti, ka taea e te pāmahana taiao i waho o te whare tio te eke ki te 50°C, ka mahi te whakamahana whakarewa me te rerekētanga pāmahana tino iti ki te whakataurite ki ngā whakaurunga āhuarangi ngawari. Mai i tā mātou tātaritanga wera, ka eke te whakamahana whakarewa i hangaia mō ngā āhuatanga taiao 25°C me te mātotoru watt o te 1.5 W/cm² ki te pāmahana mata o te whakamahana tata ki te 180°C i te tihi o te huringa whakarewa. I ngā āhuatanga taiao 50°C, ka eke te whakamahana kotahi ki te tata ki te 205°C, e nui ake ana i te pāmahana mahi tonu mōrahi o ngā arai whakamahana PVC paerewa (kua whakatauria ki te 200°C). Ka tūtohu mātou kia tohua ngā whakamahana whakarewa me te mātotoru watt mōrahi o te 1.2 W/cm² mō ngā whakaurunga taiao koraha, me ngā waea arai silicone-, PTFE rānei kua whakatauria mō te iti rawa o te mahi tonu o te 220°C. E whakaatu ana ā mātou raraunga mara mai i ngā whakaurunga HVAC i Riyadh, ko ngā whakamahana kua tohua ki te 1.2 W/cm² watt te matotoru ka roa ake te ora ratonga mō te 40% (4,500 huringa whakarewa, 3,200 huringa rānei) ki te whakaritea ki ngā whakamahana paerewa 1.5 W/cm² i roto i ngā āhuatanga taiao 50°C.

Ngā Tohutoro me ngā Paerewa Ahumahi e Pā Ana

1. IEC 60068-2-78 — Paerewa Whakamātautau Wera Makuku
2. Ngā Aratohu Hoahoa HVAC a ASHRAE

Ngā Pātai Auau